The condition of Italian women has improved but gender equality is still a goal to be achieved
La female condition in Italy lately it is improving. But gender equality, as far as the labor market is concerned, still remains a goal to be achieved.
What are the achievements made and which ones to be achieved?
Part time: free choice of women who want to spend more time with their family
According to a recent research by Censis, the myth of part time as the free choice of women who want to devote more time to the family has been dispelled.
In Italy 3.105.000 women have a part-time job and 32,6% of employed women. But for 58,5% it is a Part involuntary time that women have had to accept due to the lack of full-time job offers.
Since 2008, women who have freely chosen part time have decreased by 20%. While involuntary part time has registered an increase of 91,6%. This is a situation that differentiates our country from other large European countries. We are in third last place in Europe. Also for this reason that 23% of employed Italian women have as a priority that of changing jobs. 27% of them declare that they need to supplement their income with a second job or with some job.
Women acrobats between work and family. Because?
During an average day, in the case of men, the duration of paid work is 4 hours and 39 minutes, corresponding to 19,4% of the total time available. For women, on the other hand, the duration of paid work is 2 hours and 23 minutes, equal to 9,9%.
Men have more free time: 19,9% of the day and 16,1% for women.
Each woman dedicates an average of 5 hours a day to family commitments. Three times the number of men, who commit themselves to family commitments for about an hour and 50 minutes.
In practice, every woman commits her time in work, in family activities, in the care of children and sometimes also in the care of elderly parents.
Status of women in Italy: long path to emancipation but not enough!
In our Italy a lot has been fought to promote equal opportunities.
In 1951, following the approval of the Constitution, which under Article 3 establishes the principle of gender equality, women represented only 31,5% of graduates in the year.
In 1961 there was no progress. (31,6%).
The long process of women's emancipation began later, leading the number of female graduates to far exceed that of graduates. In 2016, women represented 55,6% of the total.
There has also been a lot of progress on the labor front. In 1977, the year in which the legislation on equal treatment between men and women in matters of work was approved, the female employment rate was 33,5% and that of men 74,6%. The condition of women was lower than that of men.
The path to emancipation was very long. But there is still a lot to do.
Italy does not shine at all when it comes to women and work. We are last in Europe for women's access to the labor market.
The difference between male and female employment is among the highest in Europe. Also in Europe, Italian women are those who more than others think they do not have great opportunities for professional advancement.
Furthermore, women work more at home and have less free time. They continue and will always continue to be "acrobats between work and family".
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