Befana is a fascinating and magical figure, who represents one of the most beloved traditions in Italy, especially during the Epiphany period. With her old lady appearance, messy hair, a worn dress and a broom in her hand, Befana embodies the idea of a benevolent character, capable of bringing gifts and sweets to children, on the very day in which the arrival of the King Magi.
Origins of the Befana
The origin of the figure of Befana is shrouded in mystery and is intertwined with various legends. One of the most widespread explanations refers to pre-Christian and pagan traditions. Befana could derive from the figure of a goddess of fertility and abundance, who brought gifts and blessings during the winter solstice.
With the arrival of Christianity, this figure would have transformed into an old woman who, according to legend, joined the Three Wise Men on their journey to bring gifts to the Child Jesus, but failed to reach their destination. From that moment on, Befana would have become an old woman who brings gifts to children on the night of the Epiphany to make up for her mistake. Another interpretation states that Befana symbolizes the figure of the mother and wisdom, representing the passage of the year and the cycle of life, through her role as a giver of sweets and gifts. Her origins therefore remain a mix of popular traditions, folklore and Christian symbolism, which make her even more fascinating.
Characteristics of the Befana
Befana is described as an old lady, with a shabby appearance but a good heart. She wears a black or colored dress, an apron and a pointed hat, reminiscent of ancient witches. Her broom, a symbol of cleanliness and the ability to fly, is her means of transportation.
Befana is represented as a generous woman, who fills the stockings hung by children with sweets, toys and, in some cases, coal, but only to those who have behaved badly during the year. Tradition has it that Befana flies in the sky on the night between January 5 and 6. On this, the night of the Epiphany, the little ones put their stockings near the fireplace or the window, hoping that the old lady will fill them with surprises. This ritual is accompanied by a celebration that celebrates not only her arrival, but also the Epiphany itself, which marks the manifestation of Jesus to the Magi.
The Befana in Italian cities
In Italy, Befana is celebrated in different cities, each of which has its own traditions and customs. Among the cities that celebrate it in grand style, Rome, Florence and Taranto stand out. The capital hosts one of the most famous celebrations. On the night of Epiphany, in fact, Piazza Navona transforms into a lively market, populated by stalls offering typical sweets and sweets linked to this tradition. Here, children can meet the old lady, who distributes sweets and surprises.
The celebration culminates with musical events and shows that involve the whole family. In Florence, the tradition of the Befana is celebrated with the “Calcio storico”. Every year, on January 6, a costumed football match is held, which recalls medieval traditions. The city comes alive with events, markets and shows, which make the atmosphere magical and festive. In Taranto, the Befana is a much-anticipated event that is celebrated with folkloristic events and street shows. The city fills with color and joy, with parades and entertainment for children, which pay homage to her.
A tradition that unites generations
Befana brings with her a message of hope, generosity and magic. Her figure is not only that of an old lady who brings gifts, but also represents a deep connection with the popular traditions, culture and history of our country. Every year, with her arrival, this extravagant old lady gives smiles and sweet memories, keeping alive the magic of Epiphany and the warmth of traditions.
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